Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation

If you have long-standing back or leg pain that has not improved with medicines, therapy, or injections, a spinal cord stimulator may be an option to reduce your pain. A spinal cord stimulator is a small device placed under the skin that sends mild electrical pulses to the spinal cord. These pulses change the way your nerves send pain signals to the brain, which can lower the amount of pain you feel. This treatment is often used for nerve-related pain, known as neuropathic pain, or persistent pain after back surgery. Your orthopaedic and pain care team will evaluate whether a stimulator is appropriate for you. Princeton Orthopaedic Associates can help explain the process and whether you might benefit from this treatment.

Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation Details

A spinal cord stimulator is intended for chronic pain that comes from nerves in the spine and legs, rather than pain from a recent fracture or active infection. The device uses thin wires, called leads, positioned near the spinal cord to deliver low-level electrical pulses. These leads connect to a small battery-powered generator placed under the skin, usually in the lower back or buttock. The goal is to reduce the sensation of pain by interrupting pain signals before they reach the brain. This procedure is often recommended after other nonsurgical treatments, like medications, injections, and physical therapy, have not provided enough relief. It is not typically recommended for people with untreated infections, certain bleeding problems, or those who cannot manage a temporary trial. Before implantation, many patients try a short trial period with temporary leads to see if the device helps. If the trial reduces pain and improves function, a permanent system may be implanted.

What Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation Includes

The implantation process usually begins with a trial, when temporary leads are placed near the spinal cord using image guidance. A local anesthetic and light sedation are commonly used for the trial, so you may be awake but relaxed. During the trial, you use an external controller to adjust the stimulation and see if pain relief occurs over several days.

If the trial is successful, a permanent procedure is scheduled. The permanent implant is placed with small incisions, and the leads are secured near the spinal cord. A small pocket is made under the skin to hold the generator. The surgery is minimally invasive compared with major open spine operations, which helps limit tissue damage and shortens recovery time for many patients. You will learn how to use the controller to adjust stimulation and check the device regularly for battery life and function.

Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation Recovery

After the permanent implant, most patients go home the same day or after a short hospital stay. You may have soreness at the incision sites for a few days to weeks. Activity is limited at first to allow the leads to settle, so you will be asked to avoid heavy lifting, bending, and twisting for several weeks.

Follow-up visits help your care team adjust the stimulation settings and check the wounds. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore normal movement and strength once your surgeon clears you. Full benefits may take several weeks as settings are optimized. Recovery may be longer for people with other health problems, such as diabetes, poor circulation, or smoking, because these factors can slow healing or increase the chance of complications.

Benefits and Risks of Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation

The main benefit of a spinal cord stimulator is reduced pain, which can help you return to daily activities and reduce the need for pain medicines. Many people report improved sleep, better mood, and increased ability to move without severe pain. The trial period helps predict whether you will get meaningful relief before a permanent device is placed.

There are also risks, including infection, bleeding, or pain at the implant site. Leads can move out of place, which may reduce benefit and require revision. Rarely, there can be damage to nerves or blood vessels. Some people continue to have pain despite the device. Your doctor will discuss these risks and how they apply to your situation.

Patient Guidance Before and After Implantation

These are general instructions only, and you should consult a doctor at Princeton Orthopaedic Associates for advice tailored to you. Before a trial or implant, your care team will review medications to stop or adjust, such as blood thinners. You may be asked to fast for several hours before a procedure and to arrange for someone to drive you home after sedation or surgery.

During recovery, plan for light activity and help with daily tasks for the first few days. Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise until your surgeon says it is safe. Keep the incision clean and dry as instructed, and call your care team if you notice redness, drainage, fever, or sudden worsening of pain. Following instructions closely helps reduce the chance of complications and improves the chance of a good outcome.

Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation Quick FAQs

• Will the procedure cure my pain? The stimulator aims to reduce pain and improve function, it does not cure the underlying condition.
• How long does the battery last? Battery life varies by device and use, and will be discussed with you by your care team.
• Can I have MRI scans with a stimulator? Some devices are MRI conditional, and your doctor will explain any imaging limits.
• Is there a trial first? Yes, most people have a temporary trial to see if stimulation helps before a permanent implant is placed.