Welcome Dr. Campbell: Expert in Hand Orthopaedic Care

As a fellowship-trained hand and upper extremity surgeon, Dr. Hilary Campbell treats every manner of condition from the elbow to the fingers. One does not have to look far to see why hands are so vital; they are involved in nearly all of one’s daily activities, so an issue with them is seldom a minor matter for long. It could be a case of trigger finger that makes itself known each morning, or numbness at two in the morning, perhaps a wrist fracture requiring the right kind of healing, or an elbow that has just given up on you. Before any discussion of treatment gets under way, Dr. Campbell will want to get the full picture from her patients.

Dr. Campbell Education

Science was not Dr. Campbell’s first calling. A Dartmouth College alumnus, she put in four years to obtain a philosophy degree, time well spent in learning to pose the right questions and have the patience for the difficult ones. As it happens, that is fine preparation for a career in medicine. There are plenty of surgical decisions where one cannot point to a single correct answer; the surgeon one wants on the other side of the table is at ease in saying “this is what we know and this is what we do not, and here is my take on it.” Her aptitude was recognized during her NYU residency with the Sarah Pettrone and Nate Bondi Awards, honours reserved for those who show the kind of integrity, teamwork and devotion to their work that set them apart.

A Dartmouth College alumnus with a BA in Philosophy, Dr. Campbell went on to obtain her medical degree from the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, an institution where she was made a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society. For her orthopaedic surgery residency she chose NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital in New York City, putting in the time at what is one of the most rigorous and high volume training programs in the nation.

Later she took up a fellowship in hand and upper extremity surgery at Philadelphia’s well known Rothman Orthopaedic Institute. It was a year devoted to nothing but the hand, wrist and elbow. In her view, that kind of singular focus is what separates a surgeon who specializes in these areas from one who does not.

Smiling woman with curly brown hair wearing a navy shirt, arms crossed against a white background.

Dr. Campbell’s work in hand and upper-extremity surgery is well documented in her peer-reviewed papers, book chapters and national presentations. One can find her bylines in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, as well as in the Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online and the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. She has been a presenter at the annual meetings for the AAOS and the Hand Society, of which she is a member. For the patient, this research is of some import. It is a matter of knowing that the individual on one side of the table is the very same one who has done the reading and put the evidence behind the treatment to the test.

Comprehensive Hand Care

Under Dr. Campbell’s care, patients receive treatment for any number of upper extremity ailments. Her practice covers carpal tunnel and nerve compression, trigger finger and other tendon problems, and arthritis of the thumb and wrist. She is also the one to see for hand, wrist and elbow fractures, or for reconstruction work where an injury has not healed as it should. Dr. Campbell has a special affinity for wide-awake surgery. With this method she can perform many hand procedures using only local anesthesia, eschewing both a tourniquet and general anesthesia. For the right patient it can mean a shorter day and an easier recovery; there is something in the way of surreal about being able to hold a conversation with your surgeon as she operates. But she is straightforward about the fact that not all cases are surgical ones, and will make no bones about it when an operation is not called for.

Contact POA to schedule a consult!

You can learn more about Dr. Campbell here. Don't hesitate to contact our office today to schedule your appointment with Dr. Campbell.

Numbness and Tingling in Your Hands: What It May Mean

It is all too easy to put down a bit of numbness or tingling in the hands, particularly when it is intermittent. But if the sensation persists to the point of waking you at night, or you find your grip is not what it should be, there is a good chance a nerve is being compressed or otherwise irritated.

One might feel pins and needles in the course of everyday activities like typing, driving or even holding a phone. For some, there is an accompanying burning pain or weakness that can radiate up the forearm or into the elbow and wrist. Paying attention to such things will give you some idea of where the trouble lies.

Since similar symptoms have different origins, it is better to have an exam than to make assumptions. A clinician can determine where the nerve signals are off and put you on a course of treatment suited to the underlying cause. Being aware of the usual culprits is a good way to know when professional care is warranted.

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Common Reasons Your Hands May Feel Numb or Tingly

What You Should Know


  • Numbness and tingling often happen when a nerve is under pressure somewhere between your neck and your hand.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common cause, but it is not the only one.
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome can affect the ring and small fingers, especially when your elbow stays bent for long periods.
  • Symptoms may show up during sleep, computer work, driving, or repeated hand use.
  • Weakness, dropping objects, or trouble with fine tasks can suggest the nerve is affected more than before.
  • Some people feel symptoms in all fingers, while others notice it in certain parts of the hand.
  • Neck problems can also cause numbness or tingling that travels down the arm into the hand.
  • Getting help early may reduce irritation before lasting nerve changes develop.
  • Splints, activity changes, therapy, medicines, or surgery may be considered based on the cause.
  • When symptoms keep returning, it is safer to get them checked rather than waiting for them to worsen.
Close-up of a person’s hands clasped together, fingers interlaced, wearing a pinkish sweater.

Why These Symptoms Happen

The nerves are responsible for relaying signals from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Should a nerve be compressed, inflamed or otherwise irritated, those signals will be altered. The result can be weakness, a burning pain, or a sense of numbness and tingling.

Symptoms themselves are often telling. One might look at which fingers are affected, what time of day the issue presents itself, or if there is accompanying pain in the elbow, wrist or neck to determine where the nerve is being impacted.

Frequently the problem is one of compression; as the nerve passes through some of the body’s more confined spaces, pressure builds on it. Yet that is not the only explanation, making a proper evaluation necessary.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

When one experiences numbness or a tingling sensation in the hand, carpal tunnel syndrome is a frequent culprit. The cause is compression of the median nerve in its passage through the carpal tunnel, that constricted area of the wrist.

This condition often affects the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. In the early stages the problem may be intermittent, but as time goes on the symptoms will tend to make themselves felt with greater regularity.

  • Numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
  • Symptoms that are worse at night or when you first wake up
  • Discomfort during driving, typing, or holding a phone or book
  • Hand weakness or trouble gripping objects
  • Occasional dropping of items unexpectedly

Because carpal tunnel syndrome may slowly worsen, it is a good idea to seek care if symptoms are becoming more frequent or if weakness begins. Early steps may help reduce irritation.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

The ulnar nerve is the one that gives you a jolt of electricity when you put your elbow on something and hit your “funny bone.” It is this same nerve, running down the inside of the elbow, that is involved in cubital tunnel syndrome.

Irritation or compression of the ulnar can result in a tingling or numbness in the small and ring fingers. One will typically find the symptoms are more pronounced after the elbow has been held in a bent position for any length of time, be it from working at a desk or while sleeping.

  • Tingling in the ring and small fingers
  • Symptoms that show up when sleeping with the elbow bent
  • Numbness during phone use or desk work
  • Hand weakness, especially with pinch or grip tasks
  • Clumsiness with fine motor tasks

Could the Problem Be Coming From Your Neck?

The source of nerve trouble in the hand is not always to be found in the hand or wrist itself. At times, an irritated nerve root in the cervical spine, that is to say the neck, will send its way down the arm and into the hand.

Such a condition is known as cervical radiculopathy. One might experience neck pain or some discomfort in the shoulder, in addition to the usual numbness or tingling, with pain even radiating down the arm. All of these are telling signs for a proper evaluation.

Common Patterns of Hand Numbness and Tingling

Possible CauseWhere You May Feel ItCommon Clues
Carpal tunnel syndromeThumb, index, middle, and part of the ring fingerOften worse at night, during driving, typing, or gripping
Cubital tunnel syndromeRing finger and small fingerOften worse with a bent elbow, sleep, or phone use
Neck-related nerve irritationCan travel down the arm into the handMay happen with neck pain, shoulder pain, or radiating arm symptoms

Other Symptoms to Watch For

Numbness and tingling can be an early warning sign, but they are not always the only symptoms. As nerve irritation continues, other problems may appear and can help show how much the nerve is being affected.

  • Burning or aching pain
  • Weakness in the hand or fingers
  • Difficulty gripping, pinching, or buttoning clothing
  • Dropping objects more often
  • Symptoms that wake you from sleep

If you are noticing weakness or losing hand control, it is especially important not to wait too long for an evaluation. That can help reduce the chance of lasting problems.

How We Evaluate Hand Numbness

We will begin the exam by going over your symptoms and an inspection of the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists and hands. The way the numbness has been presenting itself, its duration and what seems to set it off are all useful in determining where to go from there.

The clinician is likely to test reflexes as well as skin sensation and strength. Should it be necessary to see just how badly a particular nerve is being affected and make a positive identification, further testing might be put forward.

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Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause of your symptoms, how long they have been present, and whether nerve weakness is involved. Many people improve with non-surgical care, especially when treatment starts sooner.

  • Activity changes to reduce pressure on the nerve
  • Bracing or splinting, especially at night for certain conditions
  • Anti-inflammatory medication for pain or swelling when it is appropriate for you
  • Physical therapy or occupational therapy to improve movement and function
  • Surgery for ongoing compression or progressive weakness in selected cases

While anti-inflammatory drugs can be of service in reducing pain and inflammation, they are not a cure for the underlying nerve compression. Nor should they be seen as a substitute for an accurate diagnosis. For some, carpal tunnel symptoms will abate with such medication, but it is unlikely to be sufficient on its own.

Safety: When to Get Emergency Help

Should you experience a sudden onset of weakness or numbness in an arm or hand, particularly on one side, emergency medical attention is warranted. Do not delay in getting help if such symptoms are accompanied by any of the following: facial drooping, difficulty with speech, dizziness, confusion, a loss of balance, chest pain, shortness of breath or a bad headache.

Fast treatment is necessary as these may be signs of a stroke or some other pressing condition. When in doubt, the prudent course of action is to contact emergency services or make for the closest emergency department.

Note: Not All Hand Numbness Comes From Nerve Compression

Hand numbness can have medical causes beyond pressure on a nerve. Possible causes include diabetes-related neuropathy, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid disease, medication side effects, alcohol-related neuropathy, inflammatory or autoimmune neuropathies, and circulation-related problems. A checkup can help sort out the right reason.

When It’s Time to See a Specialist

Consider scheduling an evaluation if symptoms keep coming back, interrupt sleep, or start affecting daily activities. Ongoing numbness and tingling should not be ignored, especially if they come with weakness or trouble using your hand.

  • Your symptoms keep returning
  • You wake up with numb or painful hands
  • You have weakness or trouble gripping objects
  • Your symptoms move up the arm or start in the neck
  • Daily tasks like typing, driving, dressing, or cooking are becoming harder

The right diagnosis can help you avoid making nerve irritation worse and can point you toward treatment that matches the true cause.

Don’t Ignore Persistent Hand Numbness

When one experiences recurring pain, weakness, or a sensation of numbness and tingling, it is often an indication of a nerve problem that warrants some attention. An early assessment is the best way to safeguard function and make a return to daily life more comfortable, no matter if the trouble appears to be in the neck, elbow or wrist.

Should the symptoms in your hands fail to abate or begin to get in the way of things, we would suggest an appointment with Princeton Orthopaedic Associates for a proper examination.

princeton orthopaedic associates brand shots jersey orthopaedic surgeons 2023

Are you suffering from pain?

Please contact us! We'd love to help.

If you have pain, please contact us and schedule an appointment. We have urgent care facilities all over New Jersey for your convenience.

This blog post is meant to be informative and should not act as a self-diagnosis tool. If you’d like to see one of our doctors, please contact us here.

Ice or Heat for Pain Relief: How to Know Which One to Use

There is a tendency for people to put an ice pack or heating pad on when they are in pain or sore, not always sure which is the better remedy. While both have their uses, they go about it in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ice is preferable for fresh injuries where there is swelling, whereas heat will do more for tightness in the muscles or general stiffness.

Applied properly, either can be an aid to comfort and mobility as well as for managing swelling and pain. One should also be mindful of using them in a safe manner. Should the symptoms prove to be severe, fail to get any better or come back time and again, it would be prudent to seek medical counsel.


Quick Differences Between Ice and Heat

Use Ice When You Want to Calm Things Down

  • Often best after a recent injury
  • May help reduce swelling
  • Can ease pain by temporarily numbing the area
  • Common choices for sprains, strains, and bruises

Use Heat When You Want to Loosen Things Up

  • Often helpful for stiffness and tight muscles
  • May increase blood flow to the area
  • May improve flexibility before movement
  • Common choices for chronic aches and muscle tension

How Ice Helps an Injured Area

Applying cold therapy is a way to put the brakes on blood flow in the affected region, which can be of some assistance in settling any swelling or irritation in the wake of an abrupt injury. The ice will also serve to dull the pain by numbing sore tissue for a time. While it is not going to remedy the underlying problem on its own, it does allow for more comfortable movement and rest.

One will typically turn to ice in the immediate aftermath of an impact, sprain or strain. This is particularly true if there is throbbing pain, warmth, bruising or visible swelling. A hard bump that has begun to mark the skin, a fresh knee sprain or even a rolled ankle would be typical cases for its use.

How Heat Helps Sore or Stiff Tissue

Applying heat can ease tight muscles and may improve circulation to the part that is sore. The result, for many people, is a stiff joint that can feel more at ease and yield to movement with less difficulty. When the pain is of an achy, tight nature as opposed to being sharp and swollen, many will find warmth to be of particular use.

It is a good remedy for persistent muscle soreness or stiffness in the back and neck where there is no obvious swelling. One might also turn to heat prior to some light activity or a bit of gentle stretching; it can help movement feel less stiff.

A Simple Way to Decide

For a fresh problem accompanied by swelling, warmth or an outbreak of pain, ice is the way to go. On the other hand, where stiffness and tightness are the chief complaints and there is little to no swelling, heat will generally be more effective for the ache. One should observe the area and make any adjustments with care.

While this is not a rule that applies to every injury or constitution, it is sound advice for most ordinary orthopedic discomforts. In cases of doubt, stick to safe measures and if there is no sign of improvement, have the matter evaluated by a professional.

When Ice Is Usually the Better Choice

  • Right after a sprain or strain
  • When a joint or muscle is swollen
  • For bruises or impact injuries
  • After activity if the area looks more inflamed
  • When pain feels sharp, hot, or throbbing

When Heat Is Usually the Better Choice

  • For muscle tightness or spasms
  • For stiffness in the neck, back, shoulder, or other joints
  • Before stretching or gentle exercise
  • For ongoing aches that are not swollen
  • When movement feels limited because tissue feels tight

Ice vs Heat at a Glance

SituationUsually TryWhy It May Help
Recent sprain or strainIceMay help reduce swelling and numbing pain
Visible swellingIceCold can calm inflammation in the area
Bruise or bumpIceOften used early for pain and swelling
Muscle tightnessHeatWarmth can help muscles relax
Joint stiffnessHeatHeat can make movement feel easier
Soreness after activity with swellingIceOften better when inflammation is present
Ongoing achiness without swellingHeatWarmth may improve comfort

Can You Alternate Ice and Heat?

There is a time and place for both cold and warmth, particularly as one’s symptoms go from swelling to stiffness. Take an injury for instance: ice may be the way to go in the beginning, but once the swelling has subsided and you are left with tightness, heat will likely prove more soothing. Just be sure to observe proper timing and discontinue if there is any aggravation of symptoms.

Should you be uncertain of where you stand, let the signs tell you. A good rule of thumb is that ice is indicated when there is swelling and heat, whereas a lack of swelling accompanied by stiffness suggests heat would be better. If any doubt remains, err on the side of caution and seek some advice.

How to Use Ice Safely

  • Wrap an ice pack or bag of ice in a towel before applying
  • Do not place ice directly on skin
  • Use for about 15 to 20 minutes at a time, then take a break
  • Check the skin during and after treatment
  • Stop if skin becomes painful, blotchy, white, blistered, unusually red, feels burned, or if the area stays numb after treatment
  • Do not use ice over broken skin or areas with poor circulation unless a clinician tells you to

How to Use Heat Safely

  • Use a warm heating pad, warm towel, or another gentle heat source
  • Heat should feel warm, not hot or scalding
  • Use for about 15 to 20 minutes at a time while checking the skin
  • Stop if skin becomes painful, blotchy, white, blistered, unusually red, feels burned, or if the area remains numb after treatment
  • Avoid heat on new injuries, active swelling, redness, warmth, infection, or bleeding
  • Avoid falling asleep with a heating pad on

When Heat or Ice Should Be Used With Extra Caution

Those with reduced sensation, diabetes, neuropathy or other nerve issues stemming from the condition should consult a clinician prior to applying ice or heat. The same goes for anyone with poor circulation, peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud’s, or simply an inability to gauge temperature properly. One can easily do damage to the skin with cold or heat and not be the wiser for it, so some additional precautions are in order.

Avoid heat on any part of the body that is red, hot, swollen or otherwise inflamed, especially after a new injury. Heat is out of the question if there is a fever, infection or bleeding. As for open wounds or any skin that is not in good shape, ice should not be put on it without the go ahead from a clinician.

When to Get Checked by an Orthopedic Specialist

While ice and heat are useful for easing pain, putting swelling in check and allowing for more comfortable movement, they are no substitute for a proper evaluation if something more serious is at play. Should the pain be considerable, fail to improve, or change for the worse, particularly following an injury, it is best to have it examined.

There are certain warning signs that call for a trip to urgent care or other timely medical intervention: deformity, a suspected fracture, or an inability to put weight on the limb. The same goes for severe or escalating pain, new weakness of any kind, numbness, tingling, a fever or any indication of infection.

Possible blood clot symptoms also need urgent attention. Watch for calf swelling, warmth, redness and pain, especially if it happens in one leg or does not improve. Do not make the mistake of using ice or heat in place of getting the care you need when such symptoms present themselves.

Schedule an Exam if Pain Isn’t Improving

There are times when it is not clear if ice or heat is the right course of action for one’s symptoms, or when pain simply will not abate. In such cases, Princeton Orthopaedic Associates is on hand to assist. We can put you through a clinical evaluation to get to the bottom of the discomfort and recommend a more appropriate treatment plan that is in keeping with your particular injury and what you want to achieve in your recovery.

princeton orthopaedic associates brand shots jersey orthopaedic surgeons 2023

Are you suffering from pain?

Please contact us! We'd love to help.

If you have pain, please contact us and schedule an appointment. We have urgent care facilities all over New Jersey for your convenience.

This blog post is meant to be informative and should not act as a self-diagnosis tool. If you’d like to see one of our doctors, please contact us here.

Related to numbness in feet: Tingling in Feet | Foot Drop | Common Causes of Foot Pain | Foot Pain by Location | Numbness in Hands

A numb foot isn't something to wait out

Numbness in feet often gets ignored, usually because it doesn't hurt. Here's the order we'd work through it: what to track at home, how to check your shoes, which symptoms need care the same day, what the location tells us, how we protect a foot that can't feel, and what an exam with our team involves.

Loss of feeling changes how you walk. You push off differently, your balance shifts a little, and small cuts or blisters go unnoticed because nothing tells you they're there. That's the real risk. We'd rather see you early.

Person sitting on a bed rubbing a numb foot and toes

The short version

  • Footwear is a common reason feet and toes lose feeling, and it's often the simplest thing to change.
  • Where the numbness sits on your foot points us toward which nerve is involved.
  • Diabetes is a common cause of nerve damage in the feet, and the early changes can be easy to miss.
  • Some numbness is an emergency: sudden onset, spreading numbness, weakness, or a pale and cold foot.
  • Many causes respond to non-surgical care, starting with shoes, inserts, and activity changes.
  • A foot you can't feel needs a daily look, because wounds won't announce themselves.

Step 1: Track when the numbness in feet shows up

Numbness that comes and goes has a story attached to it, and the pattern often points us toward the cause faster than any single test will. If none of the urgent symptoms below apply, spend a few days paying attention before your visit. Keep notes on your phone as things happen, rather than trying to remember later. These are the details that help us most:

  • Which toes or which part of the foot loses feeling
  • What you were doing when it started, including the shoes you had on
  • How long it lasts, and whether it fades within minutes or sticks around for hours
  • Whether anything brings the feeling back, such as taking off your shoes or standing up and moving
  • Whether burning, tingling, weakness, swelling, or color changes come along with it
  • Whether it happens in one foot or both

Takeaway: a week of notes turns "my toes feel funny" into something we can actually test.

Step 2: Check the shoes before you blame the nerve

Shoes that are short, narrow, or shallow squeeze the nerves that run between the long bones of the forefoot and across the top of the foot. Runners often notice it first as tingling in the toes on a long run. That often means the shoe is too short or too narrow, though it's worth an exam if it keeps happening. Use these checks the next time you buy:

What to checkWhat a good fit looks like
Time of dayShop late in the day or after a workout, when your feet have swollen to their largest.
MeasuringStand while both feet are measured, then fit the larger foot. Re-measure yearly, since feet change with age.
Toe roomAbout half an inch, roughly a thumb's width, between your longest toe and the end of the shoe.
WidthThe widest part of the shoe should sit where the ball of your foot is widest.
DepthDeep enough that your toes aren't pressed against the top, especially with hammertoes or a bunion.
Break-inDon't count on the upper stretching later. It should feel right in the store.

Narrow toe boxes and taller heels push the toes together and crowd the nerves. A cast or a wrap that's too snug can do the same to blood flow. Cold matters too. Cold injury to the toes can also affect feeling.

Takeaway: if the numbness eases within minutes of pulling your shoes off, footwear is the first suspect.

Step 3: Rule out the symptoms that need care today

Most numbness isn't an emergency. A few combinations are, and they're worth knowing by heart before you decide to wait out the weekend. Numbness that arrives suddenly deserves more concern than numbness that crept in over months, and anything paired with weakness should be looked at quickly.

What you noticeWhat to do
Numbness with facial drooping, slurred speech, vision change, or sudden weakness on one sideCall 911. These are stroke warning signs.
Leg numbness with back pain plus loss of bladder or bowel controlEmergency care now. This can mean serious pressure on the nerves in the low back.
Numbness that begins suddenly and spreads up the legEmergency care.
Trouble lifting the front of your foot (foot drop), or new stumblingUrgent evaluation for a nerve problem that's progressing.
Numbness after a fall, a crash, or a direct injury to the back or legUrgent evaluation.
A foot that turns cold, pale, or bluishUrgent evaluation for blood flow.
A sore, blister, or crack on a numb foot that isn't healingCall us promptly. Sooner if you have diabetes.
Numbness that keeps returning, lasts more than a few days, or changes how you walkSchedule an exam with our foot and ankle team.

Takeaway: sudden, spreading, or weak is the phrase to remember. Those go to the front of the line.

Step 4: Notice where the numbness sits

Sensation travels from your toes up through the leg, into the spine, and on to the brain, so trouble anywhere along that path can leave a foot feeling dull. Nerves do cover predictable territory, though. The patterns below are ones we see often, and they're a starting point for the exam rather than a diagnosis you can make at home.

Where you feel itWhat we often look for
Sole, arch, or heel, worse after standing or activity and easier with restTarsal tunnel syndrome, where a nerve is squeezed as it passes the inner ankle
Ball of the foot, with burning or a pebble-in-the-sock feelingA neuroma, meaning thickened tissue around a nerve between the long forefoot bones
Inside edge of the big toeA bunion and shoe pressure irritating the skin and nerve along that edge
Top of the foot or the top of the toesA nerve crossing the front of the ankle, pinched by laces, straps, or swelling
Both feet, beginning in the toes, often more noticeable at nightPeripheral neuropathy, often related to diabetes
Numbness that travels from the low back or buttock down the legAn irritated nerve root in the lumbar spine, including narrowing around the nerves
One toe after a stubbing, a drop, or a repetitive training injuryA fracture or a bruised nerve close to the injury

Numbness in feet also shows up with problems that have nothing to do with the foot's structure. Some medical conditions, certain medicines, and low vitamin levels can also affect the nerves. When the picture points that way, we'll work with your primary care provider.

Takeaway: point to the exact spot at your visit. That one gesture narrows the list quickly.

Step 5: Protect a foot that can't feel

Pain is a warning system. When it goes quiet, your eyes and hands have to do that job instead, and a short nightly routine is enough to cover it. Tie the check to something you already do, like taking your shoes off, so it doesn't get skipped. Here's a simple routine:

  • Sit down in good light with both shoes and socks off
  • Look at the tops, sides, heels, and soles, and separate the toes to see between them
  • Use a hand mirror on the floor, or your phone camera, for the bottoms you can't see
  • Watch for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, cracked skin, darkened patches, or drainage
  • Run your hand over each foot, feeling for hot spots, lumps, or an area that's cooler than the rest, and compare one foot to the other
  • Wash with lukewarm water, dry carefully between the toes, and moisturize dry skin but not between the toes
  • Check your socks for holes or rough seams, and reach inside your shoes for pebbles, curled insoles, or worn lining
  • Wear shoes or protective slippers instead of going barefoot

If you have diabetes, have your feet checked regularly by a professional, and more often if you already have nerve changes or a history of sores. That exam checks pulses, sensation, nails, and the shape of your foot. Don't trim calluses or corns yourself with blades or medicated pads.

Takeaway: two minutes a night catches the wound you'd never feel.

Light-touch sensation check on the sole of a foot

Step 6: Come in and let us test the nerve

We start with your history and the notes you brought, then look at the skin, the nails, and the shape of your foot. We check the pulses, press along the inner ankle and the forefoot to see if we can reproduce your symptoms, and watch you walk.

Sensation testing is simple and painless. We check whether you can feel light touch and vibration in different parts of the foot. We'll also check strength and reflexes.

From there, X-rays can show a bunion, a fracture, or crowding in the forefoot. Nerve testing measures how well signals travel along a nerve, and we'll look at the low back when the pattern suggests the trouble starts higher up. If your case is a complicated one, we'll sort that out together in the exam room.

Takeaway: testing sensation is quick, and it gives us a starting point to compare against later.

Step 7: Start with the care that doesn't involve surgery

Treatment follows the cause, and for many foot and ankle causes the first round is non-surgical. Many patients feel better once pressure comes off the nerve and the irritation has time to settle. What we suggest depends on your exam and your activities. It also depends on what you've already tried on your own.

  • Roomier shoes with a wider, deeper toe box and a lower heel
  • An over-the-counter arch support or a custom orthotic to change how load spreads across the foot
  • A metatarsal pad to take pressure off an irritated nerve in the ball of the foot
  • Lacing changes so nothing presses on the top of the foot
  • A stretch of lower-impact activity, with rest and elevation after you've been on your feet, and ice only if we've said it's safe for your feet
  • Anti-inflammatory medicine, when your doctor says it's appropriate for you
  • Physical therapy for foot and ankle strength, flexibility, and balance
  • A brace, a splint, or a short period in a cast or boot to rest a compressed nerve
  • A steroid injection in selected cases, to calm inflammation around the nerve
  • Steady management of blood sugar, thyroid function, or a vitamin deficiency alongside your primary care provider

Surgery enters the picture when a nerve stays compressed despite good non-surgical care, or when the structure of the foot is the problem. Correcting a bunion or releasing a tight tunnel around a nerve can take the pressure off. Nerve recovery can be slow, and feeling doesn't always come back fully. That's part of why we'd rather see you before the numbness has been there for years.

Takeaway: pressure off the nerve comes first. Procedures are for the cases that don't respond.

Step 8: Keep it from coming back

Once symptoms settle, the habits that got you there tend to creep back in. Worn shoes lose their support quietly. Training volume climbs faster than your feet adapt. A little maintenance protects the ground you gained:

  • Replace shoes once the cushioning packs down or the tread wears unevenly
  • Have your feet measured each year, and bring your orthotics along when you try shoes on
  • Build mileage and intensity gradually rather than in jumps
  • Keep working on balance and lower leg strength, which matters more once sensation is reduced
  • Light the stairs and hallways well at home, and keep the floor clear of things you could trip on
  • Stay on top of any condition affecting your nerves or circulation

Takeaway: the shoe you bought last spring may not be the shoe that's helping you now.


Let's find out what's behind it

If numbness in feet or toes keeps returning, comes with weakness, or has started changing how you walk, our foot and ankle team would like to take a look. Bring your notes and bring the shoes you wear most. Schedule Exam with Princeton Orthopaedic Associates, and we'll work through it with you.

princeton orthopaedic associates brand shots jersey orthopaedic surgeons 2023

Are you suffering from pain?

Please contact us! We'd love to help.

If you have pain, please contact us and schedule an appointment. We have urgent care facilities all over New Jersey for your convenience.

This blog post is meant to be informative and should not act as a self-diagnosis tool. If you’d like to see one of our doctors, please contact us here.

Hip Pain While Sitting: Common Causes and Ways to Find Relief

There is a certain frustration to having hip pain when one is seated; it can put a damper on work, meals, driving and any time off. The root of the problem is frequently an irritation of the muscles, tendons, joints or nerves in the vicinity, and the way the symptoms present themselves will often tell you something about what is at play.

It could be an ache along the side of the hip, a pinching sensation in the groin, stiffness upon rising, or discomfort that radiates down into the thigh or buttock. While some find relief through a bit of home care and by adjusting their posture and activities, any pain that lingers or gets worse should be properly assessed in order to get the appropriate treatment underway.

poa hip issues explained

Key Points About Hip Pain During Sitting

What You Should Know


  • Pain while sitting may come from the hip joint itself or from muscles, tendons, bursae, or nerves around the hip.
  • The location of the pain matters. Groin pain often points toward the hip joint, while pain on the side or back of the hip may suggest another source.
  • Long periods of sitting can increase pressure on irritated tissues and tighten the muscles that help support the hip.
  • Simple steps, like changing position, standing up often, and using supportive seating, may help reduce symptoms.
  • Common causes include bursitis, arthritis, muscle or tendon irritation, a hip labral tear, nerve-related pain, and referred pain from the lower back.
  • Ice, gentle stretching, and changes in activity may help in early or mild cases.
  • Persistent pain, pain that affects walking, or pain accompanied by weakness, numbness, or catching should be evaluated by a specialist.
  • Treatment depends on the cause and may include physical therapy, medications, guided exercise, or other orthopaedic care.

Why Sitting Can Make Hip Pain Worse

Prolonged sitting keeps the hips in a bent position, which is apt to put added pressure on the hip joint and its environs. For soft tissues that are stiff or already in an inflamed state, this can be a source of strain.

Then there is the matter of inactivity. A lack of movement while you are seated will cause the muscles about the hip to become rigid over time. The result is that any discomfort makes itself known all the more when one gets up to walk or simply changes position.

Where You Feel the Pain Can Help Identify the Cause

The exact location of your pain can help narrow down possible causes. Hip pain is not always felt directly over the joint, and different structures tend to cause pain in more specific areas.

  • Groin or front of the hip: often linked with the hip joint, such as arthritis or a labral tear.
  • Outer side of the hip: often related to bursitis and/or irritation of the gluteal tendons, which is frequently grouped under greater trochanteric pain syndrome.
  • Buttock or back of the hip: may involve deep hip muscles, the sacroiliac area, or pain that travels from the low back.
  • Pain into the thigh or below the knee: can happen with nerve irritation or referred pain from the spine.

Common Causes of Hip Pain While Sitting

Many conditions can cause hip discomfort in a seated position. Some affect the joint itself, while others involve soft tissue around the hip. Some problems start in the lower back and are felt near the hip.

Hip osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the wear and tear of the joint cartilage. It often causes stiffness and aching in the groin or thigh. Pain may feel worse after sitting for a while or when you first get up.

Hip bursitis

There are small sacs called bursae, filled with fluid to keep friction at bay between tissues in motion. Should a bursa get irritated, it can be the source of pain on the outside of the hip, particularly when one is sitting or has to lie on that side. Then again, such discomfort in the outer hip might stem from the gluteal tendons; this type of irritation is commonly referred to as greater trochanteric pain syndrome.

Muscle or tendon irritation

Tight or overused muscles and tendons around the hip can become sore, particularly after exercise, repetitive activity, or prolonged poor posture. This can lead to a deep ache, tightness, or a pulling feeling while seated.

Hip labral tear

The labrum is a ring of cartilage that helps stabilize the hip socket. A tear can cause groin pain, clicking, catching, or a sense that the hip is not moving smoothly. Sitting can increase discomfort for some people.

Sciatica or other nerve-related pain

If a nerve is irritated, pain may start in the buttock or low back and travel into the hip or leg. Sitting can worsen these symptoms, especially when numbness, tingling, or burning is also present.

Referred pain from the lower back

Hip pain does not always come from inside the hip. Problems in the lower spine can create pain that feels like it is centered in the hip, especially when sitting for long periods.

How Different Causes of Sitting-Related Hip Pain May Feel

Possible CauseCommon Pain LocationWhat You May Notice
Hip osteoarthritisGroin, front of hip, thighStiffness, pain after sitting, pain when first standing up
Hip bursitisOuter side of hipTenderness, pain with pressure, discomfort when sitting or lying on one side
Muscle or tendon irritationFront, side, or buttock areaAche, tightness, soreness after activity or prolonged sitting
Labral tearGroin or deep hipClicking, catching, pinching, painful sitting
Nerve-related painButtock, hip, legBurning, tingling, numbness, pain that travels
Referred pain from low backBack of hip or buttockSitting worsens symptoms, back pain may also be present

What You Can Do at Home to Ease Hip Pain

For mild symptoms with no history of a recent fall or other trauma, there are some straightforward measures one can take at home to ease the irritation. What is important is to lessen the strain without allowing the hip to become stiff. Should any of these approaches aggravate the pain, they ought to be discontinued.

  • Change positions often instead of sitting for long stretches.
  • Stand up and walk briefly every 30 to 60 minutes if you can.
  • Use ice for short periods if the area feels inflamed or sore after activity.
  • Try gentle stretching only if it does not increase pain. Stop if it worsens your symptoms.
  • Check your chair height and support so your hips and knees feel comfortable.
  • Avoid sitting on very hard surfaces if that clearly worsens symptoms.

When taking an over the counter medication, be sure to follow to what the label says as well as any instructions you may have gotten from a doctor. In the case of anti-inflammatory drugs, it is best to seek some direction from a professional first should you have kidney trouble, be on blood thinners or are pregnant. The same applies if there is a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding, or any other medical issues to consider.

Helpful Sitting and Movement Adjustments

Small changes in how you sit and move during the day can help. These strategies may be most helpful when pain is related to posture, soft tissue irritation, or joint stiffness. If you notice worsening pain, scale back and consider getting evaluated.

  • Sit with your feet flat on the floor and avoid crossing your legs for long periods.
  • Keep your lower back supported so you are not slumping forward.
  • Use a cushion or supportive seat if hard chairs increase pain.
  • Break up long drives with standing or walking stops when possible.
  • Return to exercise gradually and avoid pushing through pain that is increasing.

When Hip Pain While Sitting Should Be Evaluated

Some hip pain improves with time and careful self-care. Yet one should not assume that pain in the hip from sitting is nothing at all. There are occasions when it is more than something simple. Any symptoms that do not go away, or those that are on the increase, as well as pain following an injury or indications of a nerve or systemic issue, should warrant an evaluation to get to the root of the problem and put in place the right treatment.

  • Pain lasts more than a few days or keeps coming back.
  • The pain is getting worse instead of improving.
  • You are limping or changing how you walk.
  • You notice catching, locking, or clicking in the hip.
  • You have numbness, tingling, or pain that travels down the leg.
  • The pain interferes with work, sleep, exercise, or daily activities.

When to seek more urgent care

  • You can’t bear weight on the leg.
  • The pain began after a fall or other injury.
  • Fever or chills are present.
  • You notice redness or warmth around the hip.
  • Inability to move the hip is present.
  • Visible deformity is present.
  • Severe pain at rest or at night is present.
  • Unexplained weight loss is present.
  • There is a history of cancer or a high risk of infection.
  • Loss of bowel or bladder control is present.
  • Saddle numbness is present.
  • Rapidly worsening weakness, numbness, or tingling is present.
  • You have significant weakness, sudden swelling, or severe pain.

How Orthopaedic Specialists Diagnose Hip Pain

An examination is almost always the first step in making a diagnosis. From there, we can determine the source of the pain and what kind of movements set it off, as well as assess hip function and any possible back involvement.

If the symptoms require it, you may be advised to have imaging done, be it an X-ray or another form of study. Such tests are useful for spotting structural issues, arthritis or other ailments that are beyond what home remedies can address.

Treatment Options for Ongoing Hip Pain

Treatment depends on the source of the pain. Many patients improve with non-surgical care aimed at reducing irritation, improving movement, and strengthening the muscles that support the hip.

  • Activity modification to reduce pain triggers
  • Physical therapy to improve flexibility, strength, and movement mechanics
  • Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate
  • Image-guided injections for certain diagnoses
  • Further orthopaedic evaluation for structural hip problems or advanced arthritis

If symptoms are not improving, getting the right diagnosis early may help reduce prolonged pain and unnecessary limit setting.

Don’t Ignore Hip Pain That Keeps Returning

You should not have to live with hip pain when you sit. The nature of the symptoms will point to what is required for some relief, be the source the joint itself, soft tissue in the vicinity or the low back. If the pain lingers, gets worse or affects your day to day life, please call your doctor or schedule an appointment with the POA Team.

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This blog post is meant to be informative and should not act as a self-diagnosis tool. If you’d like to see one of our doctors, please contact us here.

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